Rheometry for Concrete 3D Printing: A Review and an Experimental Comparison

The rapid advancement of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) and the development relevant cementitious material compositions can be seen in last few decades. commonly used 3DCP method is to build structure layer by after extruding through a nozzle. Initially, pumping extrusion should done with considerable fluidity workability. extruded layers retain their shape immediately depositing. While constructing layerwise manner, bottom have enough early age strength support at top. Therefore, different processes 3DCP, rheological requirement contradictory. As rheology deterministic factor which decides or workability mix, proper characterization completed accurately. In some instances, due higher stiffness, time rate-dependent behavior (thixotropic behavior) compared conventional concrete, standard measurement techniques many limitations when for material. non-conventional novel implemented suitable models characterize this study, comprehensive review was conducted on methods characterizing parameters previously studies were highlighted targeted study (if applicable), achieved from test (i.e., yield stress, viscosity, thixotropy). addition, experimental compare several selected testing methods. identify similarities, dissimilarities, pros, cons between Furthermore, extrudability buildability mixes demonstrate usage applications correlate these processes.